Different Credit Scoring Models Explained

Same person, different scores, here’s why.

Not all credit scores are calculated or used the same way. Depending on the type of financing being evaluated, lenders rely on different credit scoring models to assess risk and repayment patterns. This is why the same individual can have multiple credit scores at the same time.

Understanding which model applies helps explain score differences and sets clearer expectations when applying for various types of credit.

Personal or General Credit Scores

Personal credit scores are commonly used by credit card issuers, personal loan lenders, and many general financial institutions. The most widely used models in this category are FICO 8 and VantageScore 3.0 or 4.0.

These models evaluate overall credit behavior, including:

• Payment history
• Credit utilization
• Length of credit history

These are typically the scores shown on consumer credit monitoring platforms and through many banks and credit card companies.

Auto Credit Scores

Auto lenders often use specialized versions of FICO scores, such as FICO Auto Score 8 or 9. These models place greater emphasis on past auto loan performance.

Factors that may carry more weight include:

• On time vehicle payments
• Past delinquencies on auto loans
• Repossessions or charge offs related to auto financing

Because of this weighting, an auto score may be higher or lower than a general credit score depending on vehicle payment history.

Mortgage Credit Scores

Mortgage lenders use industry specific scoring models required by government sponsored entities. These models are older but are still the standard in mortgage lending:

• FICO 2 from Experian
• FICO 4 from TransUnion
• FICO 5 from Equifax

There are also specific rules for how these scores are applied:

• For a single borrower, the middle score is used, not the highest or lowest
• For multiple borrowers, the lowest middle score among all applicants is used

This method is designed to create consistency across mortgage lending decisions, even when applicants have different credit profiles.

Credit scores change based on the purpose for which they are used, not because the person changes. Knowing which scoring model applies helps explain differences between scores and provides better context when preparing for different financial opportunities.

This content is provided for educational purposes only and does not constitute personalized credit, legal, or financial advice.